3 Types of Heat Pumps and How They Work

Heat pumps provide highly efficient heating and cooling and humidity control. These systems move (or pump) heat from one place to another, eliminating the energy waste associated with conventional heating and cooling systems.

There are three types of heat pumps: air source, split ductless and geothermal. Which type is right for your home? Let's look at how each works and compare their advantages and disadvantages.

1. Air Source

 

Air-source models include two main components: an indoor unit and an outdoor unit. The outdoor unit draws warm air in and moves it over coils that transfer heat energy to a refrigerant. That refrigerant moves to the indoor unit, where another coil transfers heat energy back to air that heats your home through air ducts. To provide cooling, the system simply works in reverse.

 

2. Split Ductless

 

Ductless systems include at least two units, a compressor and condenser outside and one to four air handlers inside. The quiet, indoor units are often installed high on a wall or on the ceiling in a closet, basement or attic. The system is operated by a remote control and circulates refrigerant through tubing that connects the indoor and outdoor units.

 

3. Geothermal

 

Geothermal heat pumps utilize heat energy stored in the ground or water. Pipes buried horizontally or vertically in your yard contain a water solution, which is warmed by heat from the ground, pond or well. This takes advantage of relatively constant ground or water temperatures. The solution is then circulated through the pipes into and out of your house, transferring heat as it goes.

 

Choosing the right system

All heat pumps are highly efficient, but each type has its benefits and drawbacks.

• Air-source heat pumps are the most commonly installed. They work well in moderate climates with mild winters, though advances in technology make them a good option for other areas, as well.
• Split-ductless systems operate similarly to air-source models, except that they don't require ductwork, making them a good choice for additions or homes without ducts.
• Geothermal heat pumps fit in a wide variety of homes, even those in extreme climates. These systems are known to be more energy efficient, reliable and quieter than air-source systems, but they typically come with a higher installation cost.

Contact a SWEPCO-approved HVAC professional who can help you select the right system for your needs and help you secure up to $2,500 in SWEPCO incentives to help pay for your new system.